Kennel cough, also known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease that affects dogs. It is characterized by a persistent cough that can be dry and hacking or accompanied by phlegm. Kennel cough is caused by a combination of viruses and bacteria, including the canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus, and Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria. Dog owners need to understand kennel cough because it can spread rapidly in environments where dogs are near each other, such as boarding kennels, dog parks, and shelters.
Causes of Kennel Cough
A variety of viruses and bacteria can cause kennel cough. The most common viruses contributing to kennel cough are the canine parainfluenza virus and the canine adenovirus. These viruses can be spread through respiratory droplets from infected dogs, such as when they cough or sneeze. The Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria is another common cause of kennel cough. This bacterium can be found in the respiratory secretions of infected dogs and can survive on surfaces for extended periods.
Dogs can contract kennel cough through contact with infected dogs or contaminated surfaces or objects. The disease is highly contagious and can spread rapidly in environments where dogs are near each other, such as boarding facilities, dog shows, and training classes. Dogs that are stressed or have weakened immune systems are more susceptible to contracting kennel cough.
Symptoms of Kennel Cough in Dogs
Dogs with kennel cough may exhibit various symptoms, including a persistent cough that may sound like honking or gagging. Other common symptoms include sneezing, nasal discharge, lethargy, loss of appetite, and fever. The cough may worsen with exercise or excitement. In severe cases, dogs may develop pneumonia, which can be life-threatening.
These symptoms can affect a dog’s health by causing discomfort and distress. The persistent cough can lead to irritation and inflammation of the airways, making it difficult for the dog to breathe properly. This can result in decreased appetite, weight loss, and fatigue. In severe cases, pneumonia can develop, leading to respiratory failure if left untreated.
Is Kennel Cough Contagious to Humans?
While kennel cough is primarily a disease that affects dogs, there have been rare cases of humans contracting the disease from infected dogs. However, the risk of transmission from dogs to humans is very low. The bacteria that cause kennel cough in dogs are not typically pathogenic to humans. In rare cases where transmission does occur, it is usually in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as young children, the elderly, or those with underlying health conditions.
It is important to note that even though the risk of transmission to humans is low, it is still possible for humans to contract other respiratory infections from dogs. For example, dogs can carry other bacteria or viruses that can cause respiratory illnesses in humans, such as influenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Therefore, practicing good hygiene when handling dogs, especially if they show signs of respiratory illness, is always a good idea.
Factors that Affect the Transmission of Kennel Cough
Kennel cough is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets from infected dogs. When an infected dog coughs or sneezes, these droplets can be released into the air and inhaled by other dogs nearby. Factors that can increase the likelihood of transmission include overcrowded or poorly ventilated environments, close contact between infected and susceptible dogs, and stress or weakened immune systems in susceptible dogs.
On the other hand, some factors can decrease the likelihood of transmission. Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent kennel cough. Dogs vaccinated against the viruses and bacteria that cause kennel cough are less likely to contract it and spread it to others. Good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing and disinfection of surfaces, can also help reduce the risk of transmission.
How to Prevent the Spread of Kennel Cough
Preventing the spread of kennel cough is important for the health of dogs and humans. Dog owners can take several steps to prevent the spread of kennel cough. First and foremost, vaccination is key. Dogs should be vaccinated against the viruses and bacteria that cause kennel cough, especially in environments where they are likely to come into contact with other dogs.
In addition to vaccination, good hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of kennel cough. Dog owners should wash their hands thoroughly after handling dogs, especially if they show signs of respiratory illness. Surfaces and objects that come into contact with dogs should be regularly cleaned and disinfected. It is also important to avoid close contact between infected and susceptible dogs, especially in crowded or poorly ventilated environments.
Treatment Options for Kennel Cough in Dogs
Most cases of kennel cough resolve independently without treatment within a few weeks. However, treatment options are available to help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. In mild cases, rest and supportive care may be sufficient. This includes providing the dog with a comfortable and stress-free environment, ensuring access to fresh water and a balanced diet, and monitoring their symptoms closely.
Veterinary intervention may be necessary in more severe cases or cases where complications such as pneumonia develop. Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat bacterial infections or prevent secondary infections. Cough suppressants or bronchodilators may be used to relieve coughing and improve breathing. Sometimes, hospitalization and intravenous fluids may be required to support the dog’s recovery.
Risks of Contracting Kennel Cough for Humans
While the risk of humans contracting kennel cough from dogs is low, there are potential risks associated with exposure to the disease. As mentioned earlier, dogs can carry other bacteria or viruses that can cause respiratory illnesses in humans. Therefore, it is important to practice good hygiene when handling dogs, especially if they show signs of respiratory disease.
In addition, individuals with weakened immune systems, such as young children, the elderly, or those with underlying health conditions, may be more susceptible to kennel cough or other respiratory infections from dogs. These individuals must take extra precautions when interacting with dogs, such as avoiding close contact with sick dogs and practicing good hygiene.
When to Seek Medical Attention for Kennel Cough
Most cases of kennel cough resolve independently without treatment within a few weeks. However, certain signs indicate a dog may need medical attention. These include persistent or worsening cough, difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, lethargy, and fever. If a dog is showing these signs or if its symptoms are severe, it is important to seek veterinary care promptly.
Prompt treatment is important for a dog’s health because it can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications like pneumonia. Pneumonia can be life-threatening if left untreated. Therefore, it is important to monitor a dog’s symptoms closely and seek medical attention if there are any concerns.
Final Thoughts on Kennel Cough and Human Health
In conclusion, kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory disease that affects dogs. A combination of viruses and bacteria causes it and can spread rapidly in environments where dogs are near each other. While the risk of humans contracting kennel cough from dogs is low, it is still important to practice good hygiene when handling dogs, especially if they show signs of respiratory illness.
Preventing the spread of kennel cough is important for the health of dogs and humans. Vaccination, good hygiene practices, and avoiding close contact between infected and susceptible dogs can help reduce the risk of transmission. Prompt treatment is also important for a dog’s health, especially if it is showing signs of severe illness or complications such as pneumonia.
Overall, dog owners should be aware of kennel cough and its potential impact on human health. By taking preventive measures and seeking prompt treatment when necessary, we can help protect the health and well-being of both dogs and humans.
